The major advantage of a hard exoskeleton is the high degree of protection afforded to the body organs against mechanical damage and desiccation. Mineral salts may be incorporated within the cuticle for additional strength and stiffness. They are formed by proteins that have been stiffened by the chemical action of phenols (the process is called tanning). Cuticular exoskeletons are widely distributed among the invertebrates. It normally occurs in conjunction with organic material, in the form of tanned proteins, as in the hard shell material characteristic of many mollusks. However, it is unusual to find calcium carbonate as the sole component of the skeleton. Calcium carbonate also provides a substrate for attachment, allowing the coral colony to grow. The stony corals have exoskeletons made entirely of calcium carbonate, which protect the polyps from the effects of the physical environment and the attention of most predators. See also: Arthropoda Cnidaria MolluscaĬalcium carbonate is the commonly found inorganic material in invertebrate hard exoskeletons. The form that each skeletal system takes presumably represents the optimal configuration for survival. However, the exoskeletons of these invertebrates have different physical properties and morphologies. Many of the invertebrate phyla contain species that have a hard exoskeleton, including corals (Cnidaria) limpets, snails, and Nautilus (Mollusca) and scorpions, crabs, insects, and millipedes (Arthropoda). See also: Bone Cartilage Muscle Muscular system Vertebrata Invertebrate skeletons, however, show far more variation in position, morphology, and materials used to construct them. 1), but most also have components that are exoskeletal in origin. All vertebrate animals possess an endoskeleton ( Fig. If they occur deep within the body, they form an endoskeleton. When these tissues are located external to the soft parts, the animal is said to have an exoskeleton. Skeletons can be divided into two main types based on the relative position of the skeletal tissues. The skeletal system, often termed skeleton, encompasses the anatomical structures composed of bone and cartilage, or a combination of both, which provide a framework for the body and serve as attachment for muscles. The supporting tissues of an animal that serve to protect the body, or parts of it, and play an important role in physiology. Adaptations have been made for walking and running, speed, power, digging and burrowing, locomotion without limbs (as in snakes), and aerial and aquatic locomotion. The skeletal system has adapted to the needs of many different types of organisms. The vertebrate skeletal system consists of the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, and associated structures) and the appendicular skeleton (limbs or appendages). The various structural components of the human skeleton include collagen, three different types of cartilage, and a variety of bone types. If the skeletal tissues occur deep within the body, as in all vertebrates, they form an endoskeleton. When the skeletal tissues are located external to the soft parts of an animal's body, the animal is said to have an exoskeleton. The skeleton is composed of bone and cartilage, or a combination of both, which provide a framework for the body and serve as attachment for muscles. "Such a brilliant project! I am very impressed that you made it happen under these unprecedented times.The skeletal system, or skeleton, comprises an animal's supporting tissues, serving to protect the body, or parts of it, and playing an important role in physiology. "I thought the tour was brilliant and choice of animals amazing! It was lovely to hear the curator - and children!" You had each found something that interested you and your enthusiasm shone through, making me want to go and visit the museum one day." "Thank you students for bringing alive some of the exhibits of the Grant Museum. Very informative and the enthusiasm of the pupils is infectious." "I loved this virtual tour! Especially some labels are translated into other languages so this would be helpful for foreigners too! Interesting to see various choices and really enjoyed them!" Your well written labels and video clips really brought the objects to life and made me want to visit, really good work from everyone! Thank you to everyone from George Mitchell School for sharing your experience, follow your ambitions and I hope we will be welcoming you to UCL as students or Directors in the future." "What a great insight to the objects in the Grant Museum. "Thanks Yew class for a wonderful tour of the museum! It was really interesting to hear what you enjoyed about the project and about your thoughts on UCL and going to university.
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